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8.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 93(6): 380-395, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200848

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Elaborar un listado de medicamentos altamente tóxicos en la infancia (MAT), comercializados en España, diferenciando aquellos que alcanzan la dosis letal para un niño de 10 Kg con la ingesta de 1-3 unidades. MÉTODO: Se definió MAT como aquellos capaces de producir intoxicaciones graves o letales en niños menores de 8 años. Se consideró toxicidad grave la correspondiente al grado 3 en la clasificación Poisoning Severity Score y la categoría «major effects» en las publicaciones de la American Association of Poison Control Centers. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los informes anuales de la American Association of Poison Control Centers y de PubMed entre enero 2000 y febrero 2019 (palabras clave: «severe», «fatal», «life-threatening», «poisoning», «child», «pediatric», «toxicological emergency»). Además, se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de menores de 8 años que consultaron en un servicio de urgencias pediátrico por sospecha de intoxicación farmacológica entre julio 2012 y junio 2018. Se seleccionaron los principios activos responsables comercializados en España y se determinó la dosis letal o la dosis altamente tóxica. Se calculó el número de unidades necesarias para alcanzarla en niños de 10 kg. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 7 grupos de MAT: analgésicos; psicofármacos y medicamentos neuromusculares; anticatarrales descongestivos-antitusígenos-antihistamínicos-antiasmáticos; medicamentos cardiovasculares; antimicrobianos; preparados tópicos y otros medicamentos. En 29 principios activos, la ingesta de una única unidad podría causar la muerte en un lactante de 10 kg de peso, en 13 podría causarla la ingesta de 2 unidades y en 10 la ingesta de 3 unidades. CONCLUSIÓN: Existen numerosos MAT comercializados en España, algunos de ellos disponibles en presentaciones potencialmente letales con pocas unidades


OBJECTIVE: To prepare a list of highly toxic drugs in infants (HTDs) marketed in Spain, comparing those that reach the lethal dose in a child of 10kg with the ingestion of 1 to 3 units. METHOD: HTDs are defined as those capable of causing severe or lethal poisoning in children less than 8-year-old. Severe poisoning is considered as that corresponding to Grade 3 in the Poisoning Severity Score classification and to the "major effects" category in publications in the American Association of Poison Control Centers. A literature review was carried out on the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, as well as in PubMed, between January 2000 and February 2019 (Keywords "severe", "fatal", "life-threatening", "poisoning", "child", "paediatric", "toxicological emergency"). An observational, retrospective study was also conducted on infants less than 8-year-old that were seen in a Paediatric Emergency Department due to suspected drug poisoning between July 2012 and June 2018. The active ingredients responsible marketed in Spain were selected, and the lethal or highly toxic doses were determined. The number of units (pills) necessary to reach this dose in children of 10kg was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 7 HTD groups were identified: analgesics; psychotropics and other medication used in neurological disorders; catarrh decongestants - cough -antihistamine - asthma drugs; cardiovascular drugs; antibiotics, topical preparations, and other drugs. In 29 active ingredients, the ingestion of a single pill could cause death in 10kg infant, in another 13, the ingestion of 2 pills could cause death, as well as the ingestion of 3 pills in 10 cases. CONCLUSION: There are numerous HTDs marketed in Spain, some of which are available in potentially fatal presentations with few pills


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Toxicologia/educação , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Venenos/toxicidade , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Espanha/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Preparações Farmacêuticas/classificação , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 93(6): 380-395, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32284232

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To prepare a list of highly toxic drugs in infants (HTDs) marketed in Spain, comparing those that reach the lethal dose in a child of 10kg with the ingestion of 1 to 3 units. METHOD: HTDs are defined as those capable of causing severe or lethal poisoning in children less than 8-year-old. Severe poisoning is considered as that corresponding to Grade 3 in the Poisoning Severity Score classification and to the "major effects" category in publications in the American Association of Poison Control Centers. A literature review was carried out on the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, as well as in PubMed, between January 2000 and February 2019 (Keywords "severe", "fatal", "life-threatening", "poisoning", "child", "paediatric", "toxicological emergency"). An observational, retrospective study was also conducted on infants less than 8-year-old that were seen in a Paediatric Emergency Department due to suspected drug poisoning between July 2012 and June 2018. The active ingredients responsible marketed in Spain were selected, and the lethal or highly toxic doses were determined. The number of units (pills) necessary to reach this dose in children of 10kg was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 7 HTD groups were identified: analgesics; psychotropics and other medication used in neurological disorders; catarrh decongestants - cough -antihistamine - asthma drugs; cardiovascular drugs; antibiotics, topical preparations, and other drugs. In 29 active ingredients, the ingestion of a single pill could cause death in 10kg infant, in another 13, the ingestion of 2 pills could cause death, as well as the ingestion of 3 pills in 10 cases. CONCLUSION: There are numerous HTDs marketed in Spain, some of which are available in potentially fatal presentations with few pills.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Intoxicação , Humanos , Lactente , Centros de Controle de Intoxicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha
12.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 150(1): 16-19, ene. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169654

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: Los antídotos pueden tener un papel relevante en el tratamiento de las intoxicaciones y el tiempo hasta su administración puede condicionar la supervivencia del paciente. Pacientes y método: Estudio realizado mediante cuestionario a principios del año 2015 en 70 hospitales de Cataluña que atienden urgencias. La disponibilidad cualitativa para cada antídoto se consideró adecuada cuando estaba presente en al menos el 80% de los hospitales. La disponibilidad cuantitativa se consideró adecuada cuando se disponía de la cantidad recomendada en al menos el 80% de los hospitales del nivel oportuno. Resultados: Para hospitales de menor complejidad, el porcentaje de antídotos con disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa adecuada fue del 66,7 y 42,9%. En hospitales de mayor complejidad, las disponibilidades cualitativas y cuantitativas fueron adecuadas en un 64,5 y 38,7% de los antídotos. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes regiones sanitarias, pero hubo una correlación positiva (p<0,05) entre las urgencias atendidas por los hospitales y el porcentaje de disponibilidad cualitativa adecuada. Conclusiones: La disponibilidad de antídotos en los hospitales de Cataluña es en general baja y muestra diferencias en función de la región sanitaria y de la complejidad asistencial de los hospitales (AU)


Background and objective: Antidotes may have a relevant role in acute intoxication management and the time until its administration can influence patient survival. Patients and method: Study conducted by a questionnaire sent in early 2015 to 70 hospitals in Catalonia providing emergency services. Qualitative availability on each antidote was considered adequate when present in at least 80% of hospitals. The quantitative availability was considered adequate when at least 80% of hospitals had the number of units of antidote recommended. Results: Lower complexity hospitals (level A) showed a percentage of adequate qualitative and quantitative availability of 66.7 and 42.9% respectively. In higher complexity hospitals (level B) qualitative and quantitative availability was adequate in 64.5 and 38.7% of the antidotes respectively. Data showed no differences between the different health regions as well as a positive correlation (p<.05) between the number of emergencies attended and the percentage of adequate qualitative availability. Conclusions: The availability of antidotes in Catalonia hospitals is generally low and shows differences across health regions and depending on level of complexity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Hospitais/normas , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/tendências , Kit de Medicamentos e Insumos Estratégicos , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Administração Hospitalar/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Aprovisionamento , Estudos Transversais/métodos
13.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 150(1): 16-19, 2018 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28705416

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Antidotes may have a relevant role in acute intoxication management and the time until its administration can influence patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Study conducted by a questionnaire sent in early 2015 to 70 hospitals in Catalonia providing emergency services. Qualitative availability on each antidote was considered adequate when present in at least 80% of hospitals. The quantitative availability was considered adequate when at least 80% of hospitals had the number of units of antidote recommended. RESULTS: Lower complexity hospitals (level A) showed a percentage of adequate qualitative and quantitative availability of 66.7 and 42.9% respectively. In higher complexity hospitals (level B) qualitative and quantitative availability was adequate in 64.5 and 38.7% of the antidotes respectively. Data showed no differences between the different health regions as well as a positive correlation (p<.05) between the number of emergencies attended and the percentage of adequate qualitative availability. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of antidotes in Catalonia hospitals is generally low and shows differences across health regions and depending on level of complexity.


Assuntos
Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Recursos em Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Estudos Transversais , Hospitais , Humanos , Espanha
16.
Farm. hosp ; 41(3): 317-333, mayo-jun. 2017. ilus, tab, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-162871

RESUMO

Objective: To design a virtual antidote network between hospitals that could help to locate on-line those hospitals that stocked those antidotes with the highest difficulty in terms of availability, and ensured that the medication was loaned in case of necessity. Methods: The application was developed by four hospital pharmacists and two clinical toxicologists with the support of a Healthcare Informatics Consultant Company. Results: The antidotes network in Catalonia, Spain, was launched in July 2015. It can be accessed through the platform: www.xarxaantidots.org. The application has an open area with overall information about the project and the option to ask toxicological questions of non-urgent nature. The private area is divided into four sections: 1) Antidotes: data of interest about the 15 antidotes included in the network and their recommended stock depending on the complexity of the hospital, 2) Antidote stock management: virtual formulary, 3) Loans: location of antidotes through the on-line map application Google Maps, and virtual loan request, and 4) Documentation: As of June, 2016, 40 public and private hospitals have joined the network, from all four provinces of Catalonia, which have accessed the private area 2102 times, requested two loans of silibinin, one of hydroxocobalamin, three of antiophidic serum and three of botulism antitoxin. Thirteen toxicological consultations have been received. Conclusions: The implementation of this network improves the communication between centers that manage poisoned patients, adapts and standardizes the stock of antidotes in hospitals, speeds up loans if necessary, and improves the quality of care for poisoned patients (AU)


Objetivo: Diseñar una red virtual de antídotos entre hospitales que permitiese localizar, de forma online, en qué hospitales están ubicados los antídotos con mayor dificultad de disponibilidad y facilitase el préstamo de la medicación en caso de necesidad. Método: La aplicación fue desarrollada por cuatro farmacéuticos de hospital, dos toxicólogos clínicos y el soporte de una empresa informática. Resultados: La red de antídotos de Cataluña entró en funcionamiento en julio de 2015. Puede accederse a través de la plataforma: www.xarxaantidots.org. La aplicación consta de una zona abierta con información general del proyecto y la posibilidad de realizar consultas toxicológicas de carácter no urgente. La zona privada se divide en cuatro secciones: 1) Antídotos: datos de interés de los 15 antídotos en red y dotación recomendada en función de la complejidad del hospital, 2) Gestión del stock de antídotos: botiquines virtuales, 3) Préstamos: localización de antídotos mediante el servidor de aplicaciones de mapas en la web, Google Maps, y solicitud de préstamo virtual y 4) Documentación: Hasta junio de 2016 son 40 los hospitales públicos y privados de las cuatro provincias de Cataluña adheridos; se han registrado 2.102 accesos a la zona privada, solicitado dos préstamos de silibinina, uno de hidroxocobalamina, tres de suero antiofídico y tres de suero antibotulínico. Se han recibido 13 consultas toxicológicas. Conclusiones: La puesta en marcha de la red mejora la comunicación entre centros que atienden a pacientes intoxicados, adecua y homogeneiza la dotación de antídotos de los hospitales, agiliza los préstamos en caso necesario y aumenta la calidad de la atención a los pacientes intoxicados (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administração , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Redes de Comunicação de Computadores/organização & administração , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Comunicação no Hospital/organização & administração
17.
Farm Hosp ; 41(3): 317-333, 2017 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28478747

RESUMO

Objetive: To design a virtual antidote network between hospitals that could help to locate on-line those hospitals that stocked those antidotes with the highest difficulty in terms of availability, and ensured that the medication was loaned in case of necessity. METHODS: The application was developed by four hospital pharmacists and two clinical toxicologists with the support of a Healthcare Informatics Consultant Company. RESULTS: The antidotes network in Catalonia, Spain, was launched in July 2015. It can be accessed through the platform: www.xarxaantidots.org. The application has an open area with overall information about the project and the option to ask toxicological questions of non-urgent nature. The private area is divided into four sections: 1) Antidotes: data of interest about the 15 antidotes included in the network and their recommended stock depending on the complexity of the hospital, 2) Antidote stock management: virtual formulary, 3) Loans: location of antidotes through the on-line map application Google Maps, and virtual loan request, and 4) Documentation: As of June, 2016, 40 public and private hospitals have joined the network, from all four provinces of Catalonia, which have accessed the private area 2 102 times, requested two loans of silibinin, one of hydroxocobalamin, three of antiophidic serum and three of botulism antitoxin. Thirteen toxicological consultations have been received. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of this network improves the communication between centers that manage poisoned patients, adapts and standardizes the stock of antidotes in hospitals, speeds up loans if necessary, and improves the quality of care for poisoned patients.


Objetivo: Diseñar una red virtual de antídotos entre hospitales que permitiese localizar, de forma online, en qué hospitales están ubicados los antídotos con mayor dificultad de disponibilidad y facilitase el préstamo de la medicación en caso de necesidad.Método: La aplicación fue desarrollada por cuatro farmacéuticos de hospital, dos toxicólogos clínicos y el soporte de una empresa informática.Resultados: La red de antídotos de Cataluña entró en funcionamiento en julio de 2015. Puede accederse a través de la plataforma: www.xarxaantidots.org. La aplicación consta de una zona abierta con información general del proyecto y la posibilidad de realizar consultas toxicológicas de carácter no urgente. La zona privada se divide en cuatro secciones: 1) Antídotos: datos de interés de los 15 antídotos en red y dotación recomendada en función de la complejidad del hospital, 2) Gestión del stock de antídotos: botiquines virtuales, 3) Préstamos: localización de antídotos mediante el servidor de aplicaciones de mapas en la web, Google Maps, y solicitud de préstamo virtual y 4) Documentación: Hasta junio de 2016 son 40 los hospitales públicos y privados de las cuatro provincias de Cataluña adheridos; se han registrado 2.102 accesos a la zona privada, solicitado dos préstamos de silibinina, uno de hidroxocobalamina, tres de suero antiofídico y tres de suero antibotulínico. Se han recibido 13 consultas toxicológicas.Conclusiones: La puesta en marcha de la red mejora la comunicación entre centros que atienden a pacientes intoxicados, adecua y homogeneiza la dotación de antídotos de los hospitales, agiliza los préstamos en caso necesario y aumenta la calidad de la atención a los pacientes intoxicados.


Assuntos
Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administração , Comunicação , Simulação por Computador , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Formulários de Hospitais como Assunto , Hospitais , Humanos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
18.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 28(1): 45-54, feb. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148467

RESUMO

La disponibilidad de antídotos en los diferentes ámbitos asistenciales es un tema objeto de controversia. Se formó un grupo de expertos en Farmacia Hospitalaria y Toxicología Clínica, tanto de adultos como de niños. Se procedió a revisar la bibliografía nacional e internacional sobre el tema, con el objetivo de poder ofrecer una recomendación actualizada sobre los antídotos (tipo y cantidad), que deberían estar presentes en los hospitales en función de su nivel de complejidad asistencial, al tiempo que se recordaban las indicaciones toxicológicas habituales y las recomendaciones más consensuadas de posología. La disponibilidad cuantitativa se definió como la cantidad máxima de antídoto necesaria para tratar durante 24 h a un adulto de 70 kg en hospitales comarcales (nivel A), o a tres en el caso de hospitales de alta tecnología y/o de referencia de provincia (nivel B). Como resultado, se propone un listado de 34 antídotos que deberían estar presentes en hospitales de nivel A y de 22 antídotos para el resto de hospitales. Se ofrece también una guía de utilización de los antídotos seleccionados, con las formas de presentación disponibles en España en el año 2015, las principales intoxicaciones en las que pueden estar indicados, la posología más recomendada y algunas observaciones para cada uno de ellos (AU)


The stocking of antidotes in various care settings is a subject of debate. A group of experts in hospital pharmacy and both adult and pediatric clinical toxicology was formed to review the Spanish and international literature on the subject with the aim of updating recommendations about which antidotes to stock and in what amounts in hospitals of different levels of complexity. The experts also considered the usual indications for the use of antidotes and dosing. The amount to have on hand was defined as enough to treat an adult weighing 70 kg for 24 hours (or 3 such adults in an A-level hospital; ie, a highly complex center or the reference hospital for an area). The group also listed 34 antidotes that B-level hospitals should stock and 22 that other types of hospital should stock. The recommendations also provide a guide for using the antidotes in the forms of presentation available in Spain in 2015, a list of their main indications and recommended doses, and specific notes on each (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Níveis de Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração
19.
Emergencias ; 28(1): 45-54, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29094827

RESUMO

EN: The stocking of antidotes in various care settings is a subject of debate. A group of experts in hospital pharmacy and both adult and pediatric clinical toxicology was formed to review the Spanish and international literature on the subject with the aim of updating recommendations about which antidotes to stock and in what amounts in hospitals of different levels of complexity. The experts also considered the usual indications for the use of antidotes and dosing. The amount to have on hand was defined as enough to treat an adult weighing 70 kg for 24 hours (or 3 such adults in an A-level hospital; ie, a highly complex center or the reference hospital for an area). The group also listed 34 antidotes that B-level hospitals should stock and 22 that other types of hospital should stock. The recommendations also provide a guide for using the antidotes in the forms of presentation available in Spain in 2015, a list of their main indications and recommended doses, and specific notes on each.


ES: La disponibilidad de antídotos en los diferentes ámbitos asistenciales es un tema objeto de controversia. Se formó un grupo de expertos en Farmacia Hospitalaria y Toxicología Clínica, tanto de adultos como de niños. Se procedió a revisar la bibliografía nacional e internacional sobre el tema, con el objetivo de poder ofrecer una recomendación actualizada sobre los antídotos (tipo y cantidad), que deberían estar presentes en los hospitales en función de su nivel de complejidad asistencial, al tiempo que se recordaban las indicaciones toxicológicas habituales y las recomendaciones más consensuadas de posología. La disponibilidad cuantitativa se definió como la cantidad máxima de antídoto necesaria para tratar durante 24 h a un adulto de 70 kg en hospitales comarcales (nivel A), o a tres en el caso de hospitales de alta tecnología y/o de referencia de provincia (nivel B). Como resultado, se propone un listado de 34 antídotos que deberían estar presentes en hospitales de nivel A y de 22 antídotos para el resto de hospitales. Se ofrece también una guía de utilización de los antídotos seleccionados, con las formas de presentación disponibles en España en el año 2015, las principales intoxicaciones en las que pueden estar indicados, la posología más recomendada y algunas observaciones para cada uno de ellos.

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